GEOL 1 - Physical Geology Exam # 2 Study Guide - Fall 2007 date: November 7, 2007, at 2.15 sharp in DH 205 Professor: Dr. Alessandro Grippo, Ph.D.   General Information - read this! Last Updated  •  October 26, 2007 NOTE: Cell-phones, electronic devices of ANY sort, dictionaries, translators, notes, books CAN NOT be used during the test. You will ONLY need to bring: one Scantron Form 882-E a number 2 pencil an eraser If you make a correction on your Scan-Tron, be sure that you erase completely your previous answer. Reading errors from the Scan-Tron machine that result from a badly erased answer can not be fixed. This study guide must be interpreted (literally) as a guide to the study of the subject and not as a listing of possible questions. It is YOUR responsability to cover the materials listed here on the lecture textbook, the lab textbook and your notes, including those you have taken during the projection of movies, if any. For each textbook chapter that is going to be on the test (that is, chapters 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11), I listed all the paragraphs you need to study. I also added a list of essential concepts you need to be able to handle. This list is intended to help you outline the main points BUT it does not imply the rest is not important. It rather signifies that once you know these essential points you will be able to get to others much more easily. To be clear, there will be questions out of every paragraph that has been indicated, not only from the list of essential concepts. I would strongly recommend that you peruse your notes for completeness of information: some concepts have been expressed with much more detail in class than are explained on the book, and you are responsible for that; know what the key terms and concepts are (see the list at the end of each chapter on both your textbook and your lab manual); exercise with the questions for review also found at the end of each chapter. Read the summary at the end of each chapter, try to answer review questions, try to work with others if you find it useful. Never hesitate to ask me questions in class or during the lab   Study Guide Last Updated  •  October 26, 2007 Chapter 7 - Metamorphism, Metamorphic Rocks, and Hydrothermal Rocks read the opening paragraphs at the beginning of the chapter study the Introduction to the chapter; know the main terminology know the Factors controlling the Characteristics of Metamorphic Rocks. know the Classification of Metamorphic Rocks. know the Types of Metamorphism. know Plate Tectonics and Metamorphism. know Hydrothermal Processes. be sure to know: under what conditions metamorphic rocks crystallize what are pressure, temperature and water rsponsible for what is foliation, how does it form, what are its characteristics how are metamorphic rocks classified names of metamorphic rocks we have talked about in class under what conditions you have metasomatism and hydrothermalism Chapter 8 - Time and Geology read the opening paragraphs at the beginning of the chapter know the Key to the Past know Relative Time know Numerical Age know Combining Relative and Numerical Age know Age of the Earth in the end, you should study the whole chapter but will need to know in particular: what uniformitarianism and actualism are; the difference between relative and absolute age all the principles that are used to determine relative age (Steno's principles and the other two) what contacts and formations are how to reconstruct a stratigraphic sequence (figures 8.2 to 8.11) all kinds of unconformities and what they represent what correlation is and all the methods used to correlate rocks what fossils are, and why and how they are used in correlation the concepts of transgression and regression, and how these can be seen in the rock record what certain lithologies stand for, roughly speaking, in terms of paleoenvironments (that is, if you have a sandstone or a limestone, you should know roughly in what environment and/or physycal conditions they were deposited) the Geologic Time Scale as a concept refer to fig. 8.24, p. 216; know the Phanerozoic Eon (other Eons can be grouped into the Precambrian) and all of the Eras with their numerical age boundaries and the Periods of the Paleozoic and the Mesozoic (no numbers for these) Numerical Age, including Isotopic dating and uses of Isotopic dating you do not need to memorize parent/daughter couples and their exact dating range, except for 14C know how to combine relative and numerical ages Chapter 9 - Mass Wasting read the opening paragraphs at the beginning of the chapter know Introduction to Mass Wasting know Classification of Mass Wasting know Controlling Factoors in Mass Wasting know Common Types of Mass Wasting know Underwater Landslides know Preventing Landslides the essential points for this chapter are as follows: know what mass wasting is and how it is classified know how the controlling factors in mass wasting work on rocks and soils know what happens in the common types of mass wasting know what can be done to prevent landslides Chapter 10 - Streams and Floods read the opening paragraphs at the beginning of the chapter know Earth Systems - The Hydrologic Cycle know Running Water know Drainage Basins know Drainage Patterns know Factors affecting Stream Erosion and Deposition know Stream Erosion know Stream Transportation of Sediment know Stream Deposition skip Flooding know Stream Valley Development know Stream Terraces know Incised Meanders this is a very important chapter, and in particular you need to: know what happens in the hydrologic cycle; be prepared to discuss what happens in case of global warming or global cooling know the factors that affect erosion, transportation, deposition be prepared to solve simple problems concerning discharge, as seen in class be prepared to answer questions concerning how sedimentary grains of different size behave when subject to stream currents of different velocity (that is understand completely the concepts that are at the base of fig. 10.7, p. 253) know about stream erosion, transportation and deposition (including all kinds of depositional bodies) skip the paragraph on flooding know the different sedimentary bodies that form upon deposition know stream valley development, stream terraces, incised meanders, superposed streams, the concepts of base level and downcutting, stream piracy Chapter 11 - Ground Water read the opening paragraphs at the beginning of the chapter know the Introduction know Porposity and Permeability know the Water Table know the Movement of Ground Water know Aquifers know Wells know Springs and Streams skip Contamination of Groudn Water know Balancing Withdrawal and Recharge know Effects of Groundwater Action know Hot Water Underground among other things, you need to concentrate on: what groundwater is what porosity and permeability are, and how they differ; know which rocks are or are not porous and/or permeable; know about primary and secondary porosity knowing about the water table, the movement of ground water, aquifers, wells, springs and streams skip the paragraph on contamination of ground water the effects of ground-water action, with special attention to chemical equation of CaCO3 / HCO3- / CO2 equilibria caves, sinkholes, dripstones, stalactites, stalagmites, karst landscapes hot springs and geysers