PLEASE NOTE:
Cellular phones, iPods, Blackberries, Bluetooth, headphones, computers, pocket calculators, dictionaries, translators or, in general, ANY KIND of electronic device CANNOT be used during the test.
All electronic devices MUST BE TURNED OFF: if a cell phone rings, if a light is visible, or a device is on while in class during test time, you will not be allowed to finish your test and your result will be invalidated.
You cannot use any text, manual, note, dictionary, pocket calculator, flash card, or any other source of information except your brain. You will NOT need a ruler for this test.
You will ONLY need to bring:
- one Scantron, Form 882-E
- a number 2 pencil
- an eraser
This study guide must be interpreted (literally) as a guide to the study of the subject and not as a listing of possible questions.
There is no additional information compared to what has been said, discussed, shown, illustrated in class.
It is YOUR personal responsibility to cover the materials listed below on the lecture textbook, on the lab textbook, on the web pages, and on your notes.
I would strongly recommend that you peruse your notes for completeness of information: some information that has been detailed in class is only mentioned briefly on the textbooks, and you are responsible for covering that; know what the key terms and concepts are (see the list at the end of each chapter on both your textbook and your lab manual); exercise with the questions for review also found at the end of each chapter. Review the materials from your quizzes.
Read the summary at the end of each chapter, try to answer review questions, try to work with other fellow students if you find it useful.
Never hesitate to ask me questions in class or during the lab.
A basaltic lava flow in the desert of California
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| Textbook chapters | Last Updated • April 13, 2019 |
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Chapter 2 - Atoms, Elements, and Minerals
- Read the Introduction
- Know Minerals and Rocks
(make sure to know the concepts expressed in Figures 2.3 and 2.4, page 28)
- Know Atoms and Elements
Know in particular:
- Atoms and elements; the atomic structure, why atoms bond, and how (the three kinds of bond)
- Know about ions, and isotopes (both stable and unstable), atomic number and atomic mass
- Include section "Earth Systems 2.1" on stable isotopes, page 29
- Include section "In Greater Depth 2.3" on elements in Earth's crust, page 33
- Include section "Environmental Geology 2.5" on clay minerals, page 38
- Know about polar molecules, stable and unstable (radioactive) isotopes
- Know the eight most abundant element of Earth's crust, and their relative importance
- Know the main mineral groups present in Earth's crust
- Know about Crystalline Structures
- Know about silicon tetrahedra, how they bond, why they are stable or unstable; know what kind of minerals form using silicon tetrahedra (we have seen nine of them)
- Know Figures 2.10 and 2.11, page 34; 2.12 and 2.13, page 35
- Know what kind of structure these minerals have, including the ration between Oxygen and Silicon for each of them
- Know what defines a mineral and the most important ones (beyond silicates)
- Know at least the chemical formulas of quartz [SiO2], olivine [(FeMg)2SiO4] and calcite [CaCO3]
- Know Variations in Mineral Structures and Compositions
- Know The Physical Properties of Minerals.
- Know The Many Conditions of Mineral Formation
- Read section "In Greater Depth 2.8" on the molecule of water, page 47.
Review "Terms to remember", page 48
Test yourself using the questions on pages 48 to 50
Powerpoints:
Chapter 3 - Igneous Rocks, Intrusive Activity and the Origin of Igneous Rocks
- Read the Introduction
- Know The Rock Cycle
- Know Igneous Rocks
Among other things:
- Know Fig. 3.2, page 52
- Know very well the diagram of Fig. 3.5, page 56
- Know the section "In Greater Depth 3.1" on Pegmatites, page 58
- Know How Magma Forms
- Know How Magmas of Different Composition Evolve (including Bowen's reaction series: there WILL be questions on it; study Fig. 3.15, page 64)
- Know Intrusive Bodies (both shallow and deep)
- Know Abundance and Distribution of Plutonic Rocks
- Know Explaining Igneous Activity by Plate Tectonics
- Know in particular Table 3.2, page 72
- Review "Terms to remember", pages 75 and 76
- Test yourself using the questions on page 76
Powerpoints:
Chapter 4 - Volcanism and Extrusive Rocks
- Read the Introduction
- Know What are Volcanoes and why should we study them. Be sure to review Table 4.1, page 83
- Know Eruptive Violence and Physical Characteristics of Lava. Know this section very well.
Make sure to be able to distinguish between effusive and explosive eruptions
- Know The Eruptive Products of Volcanoes
- Know Types of Volcanoes. Be sure to review Table 4.2, page 92
Know where the Cascade Mountains (a volcanic arc) are -
Know the distribution of volcanoes in relation to plate tectonics (see Figure 4.19, page 95)
- Read Living with Volcanoes
- Know Plate Tectonics and Volcanism
Review "Terms to remember", page 104
Review "terms Covered in Chapter 3 that are Useful for Chapter 4", page 104
Test yourself using the questions on pages 104 and 105
Powerpoints:
Chapter 5 - Weathering and Soil
- Know what Weathering, Erosion and Transportation are
- Know How Weathering Changes Rocks
- Know Effects of Weathering
- Know everything about Mechanical Weathering and Chemical Weathering.
- Be sure you know what the most important agents for both kinds are
- Be sure to know the consequences of both kinds of weathering on different rocks
- Know what the most common weathering products are
- Understand what happens in Table 5.1, page 114, and Figure 5.14, page 115 (know the main chemical formulas)
- Know table 5.2, page 116
- Read the section "Environmental Geology 5.1" on the carbon cycle and climate on page 117
- Know all about Soil. Know Fig. 5.18, page 118. Be sure to know also about the properties of clay minerals (remember the section on clay minerals on page 37)
- Know the difference between a clay mineral and a clay particle
- Read the section "In Greater Depth 5.2" on bauxite and aluminum, page 122 and know the main concepts
- You do NOT need to know Table 5.3 or Fig. 5.25, both on page 125
Review "Terms to remember", page 126
Test yourself using the questions on pages 126 and 127
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© Alessandro Grippo, since 1994
Los Angeles, California
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