GEOL 1 - Physical Geology Exam # 2 Study Guide - Summer 2009 exam date: Thursday, July 16, 2009 Professor: Dr. Alessandro Grippo, Ph.D.   General Information Last Updated  •  July 13, 2009    PLEASE NOTE: Cellular phones, iPods, Blackberries, Bluetooth, headphones, computers or, in general, ANY KIND of electronic device CAN NOT be used during the test. All electronic devices MUST BE TURNED OFF: if a cell phone rings or a device is turned while in the class during test time, you will not be allowed to finish your test and your result will be invalidated. You can not use any dictionary, pocket calculator, flash card, or any source of information other than your brain. You will ONLY need to bring: one Scantron, Form 882-E a number 2 pencil an eraser This study guide must be interpreted (literally) as a guide to the study of the subject and not as a listing of possible questions. It is YOUR personal responsability to cover the materials listed below on the lecture textbook, on the web pages, and on your notes. I would strongly recommend that you peruse your notes for completeness of information: some information that has been detailed in class is only mentioned briefly on the textbook, and you are responsible for covering that; know what the key terms and concepts are (see the list at the end of each chapter on your textbook); exercise with the questions for review ("Testing Your Knowledge") also found at the end of each chapter. Read the summary at the end of each chapter. Never hesitate to ask me questions in class or during the lab Jurassic ammonites from the Ammonitic Red Formation (Italian Alps) used as a decorative stone in Bologna, Italy   Study Guide Last Updated  •  July 13, 2009    Chapter 4 - Volcanism and Extrusive Rocks Know the Introduction Know Pyroclastic Debris and Lava Flows Know Living with Volcanoes, and in particular: the Growth of an Island Effect on Climate Eruptive Violence and Physical Characteristics of Lava Know Extrusive Rocks and Gases Know Extrusive Rocks. Be sure to review table 4.1, page 93 Know Types of Volcanoes. Be sure to review Table 4.2, page 97 Know Lava Floods Know Submarine Eruptions Know your notes from the two movies on Hawai'i we saw in class Chapter 5 - Weathering and Soil Know the Introduction Know what Weathering, Erosion and Transportation are Know Weathering and Earth Systems Know How Weathering Changes Rocks Know Effects of Weathering Know everything about Mechanical Weatheringand Chemical Weathering. Be sure you know what the most important agents for both kinds of weathering are Be sure to know the consequences of both kinds of weathering on different rocks Know what the most common weathering products are Understand what happens in Table 5.1 and Figure 5.13 (only know the main chemical formulas), page 122 Know table 5.2, page 123 Know Soil. Be sure to know also about the properties of clay minerals (remember the section on clay minerals, page 40) Know the difference between a clay mineral and a clay particle Review the section "Earth Systems 5.1" on weathering, the carbon cycle, and global climate Read the section "In Greater Depth 5.2" on bauxite and aluminum, page 131 and know the main concepts You do NOT need to know Table 5.3 and Figure 5.23, page 132 Chapter 6 - Sediment and Sedimentary Rocks Know the Introduction Know Sediment know what sediment is, how it gets eroded, transported, deposited know the processes of lithification, that change a clastic sediment into a clastic sedimentary rock know about compositional maturity, sorting, rounding and sphericity Know Types of Sedimentary Rocks: in particular, know the differences between clastic sedimentary rocks, crystalline sedimentary rocks, and organic sedimentary rocks Know the different types of sedimentary rocks Know Detrital (or clastic) Sedimentary Rocks know what porosity, pores, grains, cement, matrix are, and how their properties vary in different clastic sediments and sedimentary rocks remember the geologic meaning of, for instance, a quartz sandstone, an arkose, a graywacke know what fissility is (do not confuse fissility with foliation, which is typical of regional metamorphic rocks, see Chapter 7) Know Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: carbonate rocks, cherts and evaporites know the difference between carbonates produced inorganically and carbonates produced organically know which pelagic organisms are responsible for open-ocean sedimentation (see Protists on the Images web page) know what the C.C.D. (Carbonate Compensation Depth) is (see C.C.D. on the Stratigraphy web page) Know Organic Sedimentary Rocks know The Origin of Oil and Gas: be able to reason in terms of oxic and anoxic environments; be able to reason on photosynthesis and respiration; know and be aware that conditions on Earth in the past were different (for instance, during the Cretaceous) Know Sedimentary Structures (see also Sedimentary Structures and Colors on the Images web page) Know where you would find, among other structures, Graded Bedding and Cross-Bedding Know what a Turbidite is and where it would form, and its temporal meaning Know what Fossils are, and what they indicate (both Time and Environment of Deposition) Know what a Formation is (for instance, the Navajo Sandstone, or the Morrison Formation) Know Interpretation of Sedimentary Rocks Know what Transgression and Regression are (see text and Figure 6.41, page 164 of textbook) Chapter 7 - Metamorphism, Metamorphic Rocks, and Hydrothermal Rocks Know the Introduction Know the Factors Controlling the Characteristics of Metamorphic Rocks know the difference between confining pressure and differential stress know what foliation is (and do not confuse foliation with fissility, typical of shale, a clastic sedimentary rock) Know Classification of Metamorphic Rocks (see also Table 7.1, page 176) Know what marble, quartzite and hornsfel are Know what slate, phyllite, schist, gneiss and migmatite are (see also Figure 7.14, page 182) Know Types of Metamorphism Know about Plate Tectonics and Metamorphism (see also Figure 7.17, page 184) Know Hydrothermal Processes, including Metasomatism and Hydrothermal Rocks and Minerals (see also Figures 7.19 and 7.20, page 186). Also, do not forget to check out rock texture and apeparance on the Rocks web page

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