GEOL 1 - Physical Geology Exam # 3 (final exam) Study Guide - Summer 2010 exam date: Thursday, July 29, 2010 Professor: Dr. Alessandro Grippo, Ph.D.   General Information Last Updated  •  July 24, 2010     PLEASE NOTE: Cellular phones, iPods, Blackberries, Bluetooth, headphones, computers or, in general, ANY KIND of electronic device CAN NOT be used during the test. All electronic devices MUST BE TURNED OFF: if a cell phone rings or a device is turned while in the class during test time, you will not be allowed to finish your test and your result will be invalidated. You can not use any dictionary, pocket calculator, flash card, or any source of information other than your brain. You will ONLY need to bring: one Scantron, Form 882-E a number 2 pencil an eraser This study guide must be interpreted (literally) as a guide to the study of the subject and not as a listing of possible questions. It is YOUR personal responsability to cover the materials listed below on the lecture textbook, on the web pages, and on your notes. I would strongly recommend that you peruse your notes for completeness of information: some information that has been detailed in class is only mentioned briefly on the textbook, and you are responsible for covering that; know what the key terms and concepts are (see the list at the end of each chapter on your textbook); exercise with the questions for review ("Testing Your Knowledge") also found at the end of each chapter. Read the summary at the end of each chapter. Never hesitate to ask me questions in class or during the lab. Remember that this final test will include about 10 questions on previous chapters (Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 19). Jurassic ammonites from the Ammonitic Red Formation (Italian Alps) used as a decorative stone in Bologna, Italy   Study Guide Last Updated  •  July 24, 2010     Chapter 7 - Metamorphism, Metamorphic Rocks, and Hydrothermal Rocks Know the Introduction Know the Factors Controlling the Characteristics of Metamorphic Rocks know the difference between confining pressure and differential stress know what foliation is (and do not confuse foliation with fissility, typical of shale, a clastic sedimentary rock) Know Classification of Metamorphic Rocks (see also Table 7.1, page 176) Know what marble, quartzite and hornsfel are Know what slate, phyllite, schist, gneiss and migmatite are (see also Figure 7.14, page 182) Know Types of Metamorphism Know about Plate Tectonics and Metamorphism (see also Figure 7.17, page 184) Know Hydrothermal Processes, including Metasomatism and Hydrothermal Rocks and Minerals (see also Figures 7.19 and 7.20, page 186). Chapter 8 - Time and Geology Know The Key to the Past Know who Steno, Hutton, Lyell and Darwin were and what was their contribution to geology (an extended guide to this can be found on the web site, on the stratigraphy pages. You do not need to study or know all of this section: just refer to the basic facts concerning the four scientist cited above and discussed during lecture). Know Relative Time Among other things: Know the Introduction Know the difference between Relative Age and Numerical Age Review (from chapter 6) what contacts and Formations are Know the three Principles of Steno, and who Steno was Know the other two Principles: cross-cutting relationships and inclusions Know what Unconformities are, and the three kinds we described (You can skip the term of Paraconformity, but still know it is a possible kind of unconformity). Check out the web site page on unconformities Know Correlation, and how we proceed to correlate Know in particular the use of Fossils, the Principle of Faunal Succession, what is an Index Fossil, what is a Fossil Assemblage Know the Standard Geologic Time Scale: know the difference between periods of time and the rocks that represent those periods of time know names and relative order of Eons (Eonothems), Eras (Erathems) and Periods know numerical ages for the Precambrian / Phanerozoic boundary, and for the Paleozoic / Mesozoic and Mesozoic / Cenozoic boundaries. Use Figure 8.24, page 214 for reference. (Systems) Know Numerical Age Read the whole paragraph, but know in particular: about radioactive isotopes (not the single couples parent - daughter but the concept of radioactivity and radioactive decay) about parent and daughter isotopes, and the concept of half-life be able to calculate numerical ages using simple math, when you know the amounts of P, D and the half-life of an isotope. You are supposed to know the half-life of 14C. If other isotopes will be used, I will provide you with the proper numbers. about the differences in dating rocks and in dating organic materials: what do you use, why can you use it, how does it work and what are the orders of magnitude of time involved about Uses of Isotopic Dating Review Figures 8.20 (page 208), 8.21 (page 209), grasp the concepts, but I will NOT ask questions out of them Know Figure 8.22 A, page 211 and grasp the meaning of 8.22 B. There might be questions from 8.22. Know Know Combining Relative and Numerical Ages Know Age of the Earth Be able to use all the concepts you learned so far: for instance, can a Jurassic chert inclusion be found in a Triassic limestone? (answer: NO! Inclusions are always older than the rock that hosts them. The Jurassic Period is younger than Triassic Period, so you can not have a younger inclusion). Chapter 9 - Mass Wasting Know Introduction to Mass Wasting Know Classification of Mass Wasting Know Controlling Factors in Mass Wasting Read and Know the basic facts of Common Types of Mass wasting. Know what creep, earthflow, solifluction,permafrost, ebris flow, mud flow, rockfall, rockslide and rock avalance are I will not ask any specific case used as an example Know Underwater Landslides Know Preventing Landslides Chapter 10 - Streams and Floods Know the Introduction and Earth Systems - The Hydrologic Cycle Know Running Water Know Drainage Basins Know Drainage Patterns Know Factors Affecting Stream Erosion and Deposition Know Velocity Be able to work with the graph of Figure 10.7, page 253, as seen in class. Know Gradient Know Channel Shape and Roughness Know Discharge. Be able to calculate discharge values using simple numbers, as seen in class examples. Know Stream Erosion Know Stream Transportation of Sediment Know Stream Deposition Skip Flooding. Jump to page 272. Know Stream Valley Development Chapter 11 - Ground Water Know the Introduction Know the Porosity and Permeability Review your notes for these concepts, including the difference between primary porosity and secondary porosity) Know The Water Table Know The Movement of Ground Water Know Aquifers Know Wells Know Springs and Streams Skip Contamination of Ground Water. Go to page 296 Know Balancing Withdrawal and Recharge Know Effects of Groundwater Action Know Hot Water Underground Chapter 13 - Deserts and Wind Action Know the Introduction Know Distribution of Deserts Review your notes for a more thorough discussion: we detailed the situation on a non-rotating Earth with no continents then we moved on to a rotating Earth (Coriolis effect: remember what happens in the two hemispheres, also in terms of general ocean circulation) we then observed the four different reasons for the existence of deserts (do NOT confuse these reasons with the characteristics of deserts, which is the next paragraph) we also talked in terms of precipitation, humidity of the atmosphere, winds, high and low pressure Know Some Characteristics of Deserts Know Desert Features in the Southwestern United States Know Wind Action In addition to the paragraph materials, study the section (Earth Systems 13.3, page 353) Desert Pavement and Desert Varnish

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