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GEOL 31 - Physical Oceanography

Exam # 2 Study Guide - Spring 2014

exam date: Monday, April 28, 2014

Professor: Dr. Alessandro Grippo, Ph.D.

 
General InformationLast Updated  •  April 20, 2014   
PLEASE NOTE:
  • You CAN NOT USE any electronic device during the test. That includes cellular phones, iPods, iPads, Kindles of any kind, Blackberries, Bluetooth, headphones, computers, pocket calculators, translators or, in general, ANY KIND of electronic device.
    If you still have one or more electronic devices with you at the moment you are taking the test, they MUST BE TURNED OFF: if a cell phone rings, or if a device is left on during test time, you will not be allowed to finish your test, your results will be invalidated and you will be reported to the college for disciplinary action.

  • You can not use any text, notes, dictionary, pocket calculator, flash card, or any other source of information than your brain. If you do, you will not be allowed to finish your test, your results will be invalidated and you will be reported to the college for disciplinary action.

  • You will NOT need a ruler or a blue book for this test.

  • You will ONLY need to bring:
    1. one Scantron, Form 882-E
    2. a number 2 pencil
    3. an eraser

  • This study guide must be interpreted (literally) as a guide to the study of the subject and not as a listing of possible questions.

  • On this study guide, there is no additional or extra information compared to what has been said, discussed, shown, illustrated in class.

  • It is YOUR personal responsability to cover the materials listed below on the lecture textbook, on the lab textbook, on "Cradle of Life", on the web pages, and on your notes.

  • I would strongly recommend that you integrate your notes with the textbook materials for completeness of information: some information that has been detailed in class is only mentioned briefly on the textbook, and you are responsible for covering that.

  • Know what the key terms and the concepts are (see "Concept Check" and "Essential Concept" at the end of each chapter on your textbook); exercise with the questions for review also found at the end of each chapter. Read the summary ("Essential Concepts Review") at the end of each chapter. Try to work with other fellow students if you find it useful.

  • Never hesitate to ask questions in class.

The Pacific Ocean in Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles
The southern California coast in Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles:
an example of a transform active margin.

 
Study GuideLast Updated  •  April 20, 2014    
Chapter 4 - Marine Sediments
Study the whole chapter

  1. Know the Introduction
  2. Know How Are Marine Sediments Collcted, and What Historical Events Do They Reveal?
    Be sure to review Table 4.1, page 98, to fully understand the distribution of sediments in the oceans.
  3. Know What Are the Characteristics of Lithogenous Sediment?
    Be sure to study all the subparagraphs and to review Table 4.2, page 105. The names of lithogenous sediment grains, as you remember, are function of their size and not their composition. You are only required to know clay, silt, sand, and gravel.
  4. Read What Are the Characteristics of Biogenous Sediment?
    Be sure to study all the subparagraphs. I would recommend to review in particular figures 4.11, page 110; 4.12, page 111; 4.13 and 4.14, page 112; 4.15 and 4.16, page 113; Table 4.3, page 114, in order to fully understand how pelagic siliceous ooze, calcareous ooze, and red clays settle in pelagic environments.
  5. Know What Are the Characteristics of Hydrogenous Sediment?
    Be sure to study all the subparagraphs.
  6. Know What Are the Characteristics of Cosmogenous Sediment?
  7. Know How Are Pelagic And Neritic Deposits Distributed?
    Be sure to study all the subparagraphs. Pay attention to figures 4.20, page 118; 4.21, page 119
  8. Know What Resources Do Marine Sediments Provide?

Chapter 5 - Water and Seawater
Study the whole chapter

  1. Know the Introduction
  2. Know Why Does Water Have Such Unusual Properties?
    Be sure to study all the subparagraphs. Pay attention to figures 5.2, page 130; 5.3 and 5.4, page 131
  3. Know What Other Important Properties Does Water Possess?
    Be sure to study all the subparagraphs. Pay attention to figures 5.5 and 5.6, page 133; 5.8, page 134; 5.12, page 138.
  4. Know How Salty Is Seawater?
    Be sure to study all the subparagraphs.
  5. Know Why Does Seawater Salinity Vary?
    Be sure to study all the subparagraphs.
  6. Know Is Seawater Acidic or Basic?
    Be sure to review your notes on how the concentration of H+ and OH- ions is measured. Know what buffering is. Review figure 5.22, page 150.
  7. Know How Does Seawater Salinity Vary at the Surface and With Depth?
    Be sure to study all the subparagraphs. Review figures 5.23, page 151; 5.25, page 153.
  8. Know How Does Seawater Density Vary With Depth?
    Be sure to study all the subparagraphs. Be sure to know what the halocline, thermocline, and pycnocline are. Know about the variations in salinity, temperature, and density at the surface and with the depth. This is a fundamental section in order to understand how water circulates in the oceans. Be sure to review figure 5.26, page 155.
  9. Know What Methods Are Used to Desalinate Seawater?
    Know the main methods and how they work.

Chapter 6 - Air-Sea Interaction
Study the whole chapter

  1. Know the Introduction
  2. Know What Causes Variations in Solar Radiation on Earth?
    Be sure to review figure 6.2, page 164
  3. Know How Does Uneven Solar Heating Affect Earth?
  4. Know What Physical Properties Does the Atmosphere Possess?
    Be sure to study all the subparagraphs. Review figures 6.4, page 167; 6.6, page 168; 6.7 and 6.8, page 169.
  5. Know How Does the Coriolis Effect Influence Moving Objects?
    Be sure to study all the subparagraphs.
  6. Know What Global Atmospheric Circulation Patterns Exist?
    Be sure to study all the subparagraphs. Review figure 6.12, page 174, and table 6.2, page 175
  7. Know What Weather and Climate Patterns Occur in the Ocean?
    Be sure to study all the subparagraphs. Review figures 6.14, page 177; 6.15, page 179; 6.17, page 180; 6.18, page 182; 6.20, page 184; 6.24, page 188.
  8. Know How Do Sea Ice and Icebergs Form?
    Be sure to study all the subparagraphs. Review figures 6.25, page 190; 6.26, page 191.
  9. Read Can Power from Wind Be Harnessed as a Source of Energy?

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