GEOL 4 - Physical Geology (with Lab) Exam # 3 (Final) Study Guide - Winter 2009 exam date: Thursday, February 12, 2009 - 8:00 AM sharp Professor: Dr. Alessandro Grippo, Ph.D.   General Information Last Updated  •  February 8, 2009 PLEASE NOTE: Cellular phones, iPods, Blackberries, Bluetooth, headphones or electronic devices of ANY sort, dictionaries, books, notes, flash cards or any kind of other material not specified below CAN NOT BE TURNED ON or USED for any reason during the test. The ONLY things you need to bring are: one Scantron Form 882-E a number 2 pencil an eraser your Geology/Mineralogy 2X2 glass (streak plates, magnets and HCl bottles will be available if and when needed) This study guide must be interpreted (literally) as a guide to the study of the subject and not as a listing of possible questions. It is YOUR responsability to cover the materials listed here, whether on the lecture textbook, the lab textbook or your notes, including those you have taken during the projection of movies, if any. I would strongly recommend that you peruse your notes for completeness of information: some concepts have been expressed with much more detail in class than are explained on the book, and you are responsible for that; know what the key terms and concepts are (see the list at the end of each chapter on both your textbook and your lab manual); exercise with the questions for review also found at the end of each chapter. Read the summary at the end of each chapter, try to answer review questions, try to work with others if you find it useful. Never hesitate to ask me questions in class or during the lab.   Study Guide, part 1: lecture Last Updated  •  February 8, 2009 Chapter 10 - Streams and Floods Know the Introduction and Earth Systems - The Hydrologic Cycle Know Running Water Know Drainage Basins Know Drainage Patterns Know Factors Affecting Stream Erosion and Deposition Know Velocity Be able to work with the graph of Figure 10.7, page 253, as seen in class. Know Gradient Know Channel Shape and Roughness Know Discharge. Be able to calculate discharge values using simple numbers, as seen in class examples. Know Stream Erosion Know Stream Transportation of Sediment Know Stream Deposition Skip Flooding. Jump to page 272. Know Stream Valley Development Chapter 11 - Ground Water Know the Introduction Know the Porosity and Permeability Review your notes for these concepts, including the difference between primary porosity and secondary porosity) Know The Water Table Know The Movement of Ground Water Know Aquifers Know Wells Know Springs and Streams Skip Contamination of Ground Water. Go to page 296 Know Balancing Withdrawal and Recharge Know Effects of Groundwater Action Know Hot Water Underground Chapter 12 - Glaciers and Glaciations Know the Introduction Know Glaciers - where they are, how they form and move Know Glacial Erosion Know Glacial Deposition In addition to the paragraph materials, be prepared to answer questions in particular about varves and their use in stratigraphy Know Past Glaciation In addition to the paragraph materials, study the section (Earth Systems 12.5, page 330) Causes of Glacial Ages Review your notes for materials on Milankovitch cycles. See also the last figure on the stratigraphy web page for illustrations on the three cycles. Chapter 13 - Deserts and Wind Action Know the Introduction Know Distribution of Deserts Review your notes for a more thorough discussion: we detailed the situation on a non-roatting Earth with no continents then we moved on to a rotating Earth (Coriolis effect: remember what happens in the two hemispheres, also in terms of general ocean circulation) we then observed the four different reasons for the existence of deserts (do NOT confuse these reasons with the characteristics of deserts, which is the next paragraph) we also talked in terms of precipitation, humidity of the atmosphere, winds, high and low pressure Know Some Characteristics of Deserts Know Desert Features in the Southwestern United States Know Wind Action In addition to the paragraph materials, study the section (Earth Systems 13.3, page 353) Desert Pavement and Desert Varnish Chapter 19 - Plate Tectonics Know theIntroduction Know The Early Case for Continental Drift Know Paleomagnetism and the Revival of Continental Drift Know Seafloor spreading. Know Plates and Plate Motion Know How do we Know that Plates Move? Know Divergent Plate Boundaries Know Transform Boundaries Know Convergent Plate Boundaries Know The Motion of Plate Boundaries Know Plate Size Know The Attractiveness of Plate Tectonics Know What Causes Plate Motions? Know A Final Note STOP here. Chapters 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21 and 22 will NOT be part of the test. REVIEW the basic facts of previous chapters. A few questions may come out of those, but remember that you are studying most of these materials anyway for the lab.   Study Guide, part 2: Lab Last Updated  •  February 8, 2009 For this part of the test you will have to identify rocks (type of rock and name of the rock) and also answer a few questions. Rocks Identification: You will need to identify a few rocks (chosen among the ones you have already seen and identified during the four labs on rocks in general, igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, and metamorphic rocks. You also will be able to review these rocks once again before the test, on february 11 and 12, with your corrected answers in your hands). You will need to bring your 2x2 glass ONLY (plus pencil, eraser and scantron). Streak plates, HCl bottles and a magnet will be available. I will provide you with a copy of Step 4 and figure caption from Fig. 5.2, page 94; Fig. 5.24, page 109. A copy of Fig. 6.8, page 118, and Fig. 6.10, page 121. A copy of Fig. 7.15, page 143 and Fig. 7.19, page 147. A copy of Fig. 8.13, page 159 and Fig. 8.16, page 161. A copy of any other material or illustration you may need (including exercises on sequence reconstruction - from lab manual chapter 8, or relationship between water velocity, size of sediment and relative behavior - from textbook chapter 10). You will have NO access to any other illustration. You will need to know the procedure for rock identification, as explained in lab manual chapters 5, 6, and 7. You already worked with those procedures during your lab exercise and lab review. Lab Chapter 5 - Igneous Rocks and Volcanic Hazards Know the Introduction Know the Igneous Processes and Rocks Know the Introduction Know Textures of Igneous Rocks Know Mineral Composition of Igneous Rocks Know Classifying Igneous Rocks Know Description and Interpretation of Igneous Rock Samples Know Bowen's Series of Mineral Crystallization and Reaction in Magma Skip part 5C. Lab Chapter 6 - Sedimentary Rocks, Processes, and Environments Know the Introduction Know Sedimentary Processes and Rocks use the classification of the lab manual (detrital or clastic, chemical, and biochemical) rather than that of the textbook Know Sedimentary Structures and Environments Know Interpretation of a Stratigraphic Sequence Lab Chapter 7 - Metamorphic Rocks, Processes, and Resources Know the Introduction Know Metamorphic Processes and Rocks Lab Chapter 8 - Dating of Rocks, Fossils, and Geologic Events Know the Introduction Know Determining Relative Ages of Rocks based on their Physical Relationship Be able to work with all the principles you studies and to reconstruct the series of events if and when provided with a figure like those of pages 156 and 157. Know Using Fossils to Determine Age Relationships Be able to work with the geologic ranges and names of the Geologic Time Scale if and when provided with a figure like that of page 159. Know Determining Absolute Ages by Radiometric Dating Be able to work with half-lives, parent and daughter isotopes and absolute ages if and when provided with a figure like that of page 161. Stop at page 162: skip parts 8D and 8E. Skip Chapters 9 and 10, go to Chapter 11, page 210. Lab Chapter 11 - Stream Processes, Landscapes, Mass Wastage, and Flood hazards Know the Introduction Know Stream Processes and Landscapes Stop at page 216, but review part 11D (pages 222 and 225) and part 11E (pages 226-227) that you did in class Lab Chapter 12 - Groundwater Processes, Resources, and Risks Know the Introduction Know Caves and Karst Topography Stop at page 236 Lab Chapter 13 - Glacial Processes, Landforms, and Indicators of Climate Change Know the Introduction Know Glacial Processes and Landforms Stop at page 252 Lab Chapter 14 - Dryland Landforms, Hazards, and Risks Know the Introduction Know Eolian Processes, Dryland Landforms and Desertification Stop at Page 271 Skip Part 14B, Death Valley, California Know Part 14C, Dryland Lakes Know Part 14D Dryland Hazard and Risks in Nebraska's Sand Hills Stop at page 273