GEOL 4 - Physical Geology (with Lab) Exam # 2 Study Guide - Winter 2016 exam date: Wednesday, January 27, 2016 - 8:15 AM Professor: Dr. Alessandro Grippo, Ph.D.   General Information Last Updated  •  January 22, 2016 PLEASE NOTE: Cellular phones, iPods, Blackberries, Bluetooth, headphones, computers, pocket calculators, dictionaries, translators or, in general, ANY KIND of electronic device CANNOT be used during the test. All electronic devices MUST BE TURNED OFF: if a cell phone rings, if a light is visible, or a device is on while in class during test time, you will not be allowed to finish your test and your result will be invalidated. You can not use any text, notes, dictionary, pocket calculator, flash card, or any source of information other than your brain. You will NOT need a ruler for this test. You will ONLY need to bring: one Scantron, Form 882-E a number 2 pencil an eraser your Geology/Mineralogy 2X2 glass (if and when necessary, you will all be provided with an individual streak plate; magnets and HCl bottles will be available) This study guide must be interpreted (literally) as a guide to the study of the subject and not as a list of possible questions. There is no additional information compared to what has been said, discussed, shown, illustrated in class. It is YOUR personal responsability to cover the materials listed below on the lecture textbook, on the lab textbook, on "Cradle of Life", on the web pages, and on your notes. I would strongly recommend that you peruse your notes for completeness of information: some information that has been detailed in class is only mentioned briefly on the textbooks, and you are responsible for covering that; know what the key terms and concepts are (see the list at the end of each chapter on both your textbook and your lab manual); exercise with the questions for review also found at the end of each chapter. Review the materials from your quizzes. Read the summary at the end of each chapter, try to answer review questions, try to work with other fellow students if you find it useful. Never hesitate to ask me questions in class or during the lab. Jurassic ammonites from the Ammonitic Red Formation of the Italian Alps   Study Guide, part 1: lecture Last Updated  •  January 22, 2016 At the end of all chapters there are sections titled "Terms To Remember", and "Testing Your Knowledge". My suggestion is that you make sure to know those terms and to review your materials by answering those questions. Chapter 4 - Volcanism and Extrusive Rocks Read the Introduction Know What Are Volcanoes And Why Should We Study Them? Know Eruptive Violence and Physical Characteristics of Lava. review Table 4.1, page 82 Know The Eruptive Products of Volcanoes. Know Types of Volcanoes. Review Table 4.2, page 91 Know Living With Volcanoes Know Plate Tectonics and Volcanism Chapter 5 - Weathering and Soil Read the Introduction Know Weathering, Erosion and Transportation Know How Weathering Changes Rocks Know Effects of Weathering Know everything about Mechanical Weatheringand Chemical Weathering. Be sure you know what the most important agents for both kinds are Be sure to know the consequences of both kinds of weathering on different rocks Know what the most common weathering products are Make sure to understand, among all figures, Fig. 5.10, page 112 Understand what happens in Table 5.1 and Figure 5.14, p. 114 (know the main chemical formulas) Know table 5.2, page 115 Read the section "Environmental Geology 5.1" on the carbon cycle and climate, page 116 Make sure to understand what happens in Figures 5.16 and 5.17, page 117 Know Soil (except "Soil Classification", pages 123 and 124). Be sure to know about the properties of clay minerals (in case, review the section on clay minerals, page 37) Know the difference between a clay mineral and a clay particle Read the section "In Greater Depth 5.2" on bauxite and aluminum, page 121 and know the main concepts Chapter 6 - Sediment and Sedimentary Rocks Know the Introduction Know Sediment know what sediment is, how it gets eroded, transported, deposited know the processes of lithification, or how a clastic sediment is changed into a clastic sedimentary rock know about maturity: compositional maturity, sorting, rounding and sphericity Know Types of Sedimentary Rocks: in particular, know the differences between clastic sedimentary rocks, crystalline (chemical) sedimentary rocks, and organic sedimentary rocks Know the different types of sedimentary rocks Know Detrital (or clastic) Sedimentary Rocks know the names of detrital sedimentary rocks, how do they form, what environments they indicate: breccia, conglomerate, quartz sandstone, arkose sandstone, graywacke sandstone, lithic sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, claystone, shale know what porosity, pores, grains, cement, matrix are, and how their properties vary in different clastic sediments and sedimentary rocks know what fissility is (do not confuse fissility with foliation, which is typical of regional metamorphic rocks, see Chapter 7). Figure 6.13, page 136 is important in that regard Know Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: carbonate rocks, cherts and evaporites know the names (and chemical composition) of chemical sediemntary rocks: evaporites (gypsum, anhydrite, halite), ironstones (hematite, limonite, banded-iron formations), phosphorites, cherts, carbonates (dolostones and limestones; within limestones: travertine, tufa, oolitic limestone, coral reefs, fossiliferous limestone, coquina, chalk, micrite). Table 6.2, page 139 helps, but you need to double check your notes for completeness of information know the difference between carbonates produced inorganically and carbonates produced organically know which pelagic organisms are responsible for open-ocean sedimentation (see Protists on the Images web page) know what the C.C.D. (Carbonate Compensation Depth) is (see C.C.D. on the Stratigraphy web page) Know Organic Sedimentary Rocks know The Origin of Oil and Gas: be able to reason in terms of oxic and anoxic environments; be able to reason on photosynthesis and respiration; know and be aware that chemical, physical, and biological conditions were different on Earth during its geological history (we discussed, for instance, the Cretaceous greenhouse) Know Sedimentary Structures (see also Sedimentary Structures and Colors on the Images web page) Know where you would find (rocks and environemnts) all these structures, but pay special attention to, among them, Graded Bedding and Cross-Bedding Know what a Turbidite is and where it would form, and its temporal meaning (how long does it take for it to form? is that a "normal" event, or a "catastrophic" event?) Know what Fossils are, and what they indicate (both Time and Environment of Deposition) Know what a Formation is (for instance, the Navajo Sandstone, or the Morrison Formation). Know what a "Contact" is Know Interpretation of Sedimentary Rocks. Know what "Transgression and Regression" are. Study Figure 6.38, page 153 Know the "three Principle of Steno: Superposition, Original Horizontality, and Lateral Continuity" Chapter 7 - Metamorphism, Metamorphic Rocks, and Hydrothermal Rocks Read the Introduction Know Metamorphism Know the Factors Controlling the Characteristics of Metamorphic Rocks know the difference between confining pressure and differential stress know what foliation is (and do not confuse foliation with fissility, typical of shale, a clastic sedimentary rock) Know Classification of Metamorphic Rocks (see also Table 7.1, page 163) Know what marble, quartzite and hornfels are Know what slate, phyllite, schist, gneiss and migmatite are Know Types of Metamorphism Know Metamorphic Grade. Make sure to know the progradation observed infig. 7.18, page 170 Know Plate Tectonics and Metamorphism Know Hydrothermal Processes, including Metasomatism and Hydrothermal Rocks and Minerals (see also Figures 7.19 and 7.20, page 186), [page 188 in the 11th ed.] Know Table 7.3, Hydrothermal Processes   Study Guide, part 2: Lab Last Updated  •  January 22, 2016 Lab Chapter 3, Mineral Properties, Uses, and Identification You were tested on this chapter in your previous test. For this second test, you will need to identify a few minerals, using the knowledge you acquired before. So, I will not ask you about mineralproperties, but you still need to know what they are and how they apply to the mineral identification process. See below "Study Guide, part 3" Lab Chapter 4 - Rock-Forming Processes and the Rock Cycle Study the whole chapter Know the Introduction Know Activity 4.1, Rock Inquiry Know Activity 4.2, What Are Rocks made Of? Know Activity 4.3, Rock-forming Minerals Know Activity 4.4, What is Rock Texture? Know Activity 4.5, Rocks and the Rock Cycle Model Lab Chapter 6 - Sedimentary Rocks, Processes, and Environments Study the whole chapter Know the Introduction Know Activity 6.1, Sedimentary Rock Inquiry Review the concepts from Activity 6.2, Mount Rainier Sediment Analysis Read Activity 6.3, Clastic and Detrital Sediment Read Activity 6.4, Biochemical and Chemical Sediment and Rock Know Activity 6.5, Sedimentary Analysis, Classification, and Interpretation Know Activity 6.6, Hand Sample Analysis and Interpretation Review the concepts from Activity 6.7, Grand Canyon Outcrop Analysis and Interpretation Review the concepts from Activity 6.8, Using the Present to Imagine the Past - Dogs to Dinosaurs Review the concepts from Activity 6.9, Using the Present to Imagine the Past - Cape Cod to Kansas Review the concepts from Activity 6.10, "reading" Earth Histiory from a Sequence of Strata   Study Guide, part 3: Minerals and Sedimentary Rocks identification Last Updated  •  January 22, 2016 Lab Chapter 3, Mineral Properties, Uses, and Identification - Minerals Identification You will need to identify a few minerals (chosen among the 35 you have already seen and identified) You will need to bring your 2x2 glass ONLY (plus pencil, eraser and scantron). A penny could help but is not necessary Diluted HCl bottles and a magnet will be available You will be handed a streak plate (which MUST be returned after the test) I will provide you with a copy of Fig. 3.9, page 81; a copy of Figs. 3.18, page 90, 3.19, page 91, and 3.20, page 92; a blank copy of the Mineral Data Chart (Activity 3.4), pages 105 through 108 You will have NO access to Fig. 3.21 on pages 93 through 97, Fig. 3.22, page 98, or any other material. You will need to know the procedure for mineral identification, as explained in Activity 3.4, pages 88 and 89 Lab Chapter 6 - Sedimentary Rocks, Processes, and Environments - Sedimentary Rocks Identification You will need to identify a few sedimentary rocks (chosen among the 19 you have already seen and identified) You will need to bring your 2x2 glass ONLY (plus pencil, eraser and scantron). A penny could help but is not necessary Diluted HCl bottles and a magnet will be available If necessary, you will be handed a streak plate (which MUST be returned after the test) I will provide you with a copy of Figure 6.9, page 164, and a blank copy of the sedimentary Rocks worksheet (Activity 6.6), pages 179 through 182 Back to the Winter 2016 Page | Back to Main Page Copyright © 1994-2016, Alessandro Grippo, All Rights Reserved.