GEOL 4 - Physical Geology (with Lab) Exam # 3 Study Guide - Summer 2012 exam date: Thursday, July 26, 2012 Professor: Dr. Alessandro Grippo, Ph.D.   General Information Last Updated  •  July 23, 2012 PLEASE NOTE: Cellular phones, iPods, Blackberries, Bluetooth, headphones, computers, pocket calculators, dictionaries, translators or, in general, ANY KIND of electronic device CAN NOT be used during the test. All electronic devices MUST BE TURNED OFF: if a cell phone rings, if a light is visible, or a device is on while in class during test time, you will not be allowed to finish your test and your result will be invalidated. You can not use any text, notes, dictionary, pocket calculator, flash card, or any source of information other than your brain. You will NOT need a ruler for this test. You will ONLY need to bring: one Scantron, Form 882-E a number 2 pencil an eraser your Geology/Mineralogy 2X2 glass (you will all be provided with an individual streak plate; magnets and HCl bottles will be available) This study guide must be interpreted (literally) as a guide to the study of the subject and not as a listing of possible questions. There is no additional information compared to what has been said, discussed, shown, illustrated in class. It is YOUR personal responsability to cover the materials listed below on the lecture textbook, on the lab textbook, on "Cradle of Life", on the web pages, and on your notes. I would strongly recommend that you peruse your notes for completeness of information: some information that has been detailed in class is only mentioned briefly on the textbooks, and you are responsible for covering that; know what the key terms and concepts are (see the list at the end of each chapter on both your textbook and your lab manual); exercise with the questions for review also found at the end of each chapter. Review the materials from your quizzes. Read the summary at the end of each chapter, try to answer review questions, try to work with other fellow students if you find it useful. Never hesitate to ask me questions in class or during the lab. Jurassic ammonites from the Ammonitic Red Formation of the Italian Alps   Study Guide, part 1 of 3: lecture Last Updated  •  July 23, 2012 Chapter 10 - Streams and Floods Know the Introduction and Earth Systems - The Hydrologic Cycle Know Running Water Know Drainage Basins Know Drainage Patterns Know Factors Affecting Stream Erosion and Deposition Know Velocity Be able to work with the graph of Figure 10.7, page 253, as seen in class. Know Gradient Know Channel Shape and Roughness Know Discharge. Be able to calculate discharge values using simple numbers, as seen in class examples. Know Stream Erosion Know Stream Transportation of Sediment Know Stream Deposition Skip Flooding. Jump to page 272 (page 273 on the 11th edition) Know Stream Valley Development Know Stream Terraces Know Incised Meanders Chapter 11 - Ground Water Know the Introduction Know the Porosity and Permeability Review your notes for these concepts, including the difference between primary porosity and secondary porosity) Know The Water Table Know The Movement of Ground Water Know Aquifers Know Wells Know Springs and Streams Skip Contamination of Ground Water. Go to page 296 (page 297 on the 11th edition) Know Balancing Withdrawal and Recharge Know Effects of Groundwater Action Know Hot Water Underground Chapter 12 - Glaciers and Glaciations Know the Introduction Know Glaciers - where they are, how they form and move Know Glacial Erosion Know Glacial Deposition In addition to the paragraph materials, be prepared to answer questions in particular about varves and their use in stratigraphy Know Past Glaciation In addition to the paragraph materials, study the section (Earth Systems 12.5, page 330) Causes of Glacial Ages Review your notes for materials on Milankovitch cycles. See also the last figure on the Stratigraphy web page for illustrations on the three cycles, and the notes on Milankovitch cycles and cyclostratigraphy for further materials on the subject. Chapter 13 - Deserts and Wind Action Know the Introduction Know Distribution of Deserts Review your notes for a more thorough understanding: We discussed wind patterns on a non-rotating Earth with no continents We then moved on to a rotating Earth (Coriolis effect: remember what happens in the two hemispheres, also in terms of general ocean circulation) We then observed the four different reasons for the existence of deserts (do NOT confuse these reasons with the characteristics of deserts, which is the next paragraph) We also discussed general precipitation patterns, humidity of the atmosphere, winds, high and low pressure We discussed shallow-ocean circulation and deep-ocean circulation (see the appropriate, related sections on the Oceanography web page) Know Some Characteristics of Deserts Know Desert Features in the Southwestern United States Know Wind Action In addition to the paragraph materials, study the section Desert Pavement and Desert Varnish (Earth Systems 13.3, page 353, or 13.2, page 352 on the 11th edition) Chapter 14 - Waves, Beaches, and Coasts Know the Introduction Know Water Waves Know Near-Shore Circulation Know Beaches Know Longshore Drift of Sediment Know Coasts and Coastal Features Chapter 15 - Geologic Structures Know the Introduction Know Tectonic Forces at Work Know Structures as Record of the Geologic Past Know Folds Know Fractures in Rock   Study Guide, part 2 of 3: Lab Last Updated  •  July 23, 2012 Lab Chapter 7 - Metamorphic Rocks, Processes, and Resources Know the Introduction Know Part 7A, Metamorphic Processes and Rocks Know Part 7B, Description and Interpretation of Metamorphic Rock Samples Skip Part 7C, Using Index Minerals to Interpret Metamorphic Grades and Facies Lab Chapter 8 - Dating of Rocks, Fossils, and Geologic Events Know the Introduction Know Part 8A, Determining Relative Ages of Rocks based on their Physical Relationship Be able to work with all the principles you studied and to reconstruct the series of events if and when provided with a figure like those of Activities 8.1 and 8.2. Know Part 8B, Using Fossils to Determine Age Relationships Be able to work with the geologic ranges and with the names of the Geologic Time Scale if and when provided with a figure like that of page 180. Remember to always describe time ranges starting from the older unit (in case of relative age) or the highest number / older age (in case of numerical age) Know Part 8C, Determining Absolute Ages by Radiometric Dating Be able to work with half-lives, parent and daughter isotopes and absolute ages if and when provided with a figure like that of page 182. Review Part 8D, Infer the Geologic History of Field Sites Skip Part 8E, Construct and Interpret a Subsurface Geologic Cross Section Lab Chapter 9 - Topographic Maps, Aerial Photographs, and Orthoimages Know the Introduction Know Part 9A, Introduction to Topographic Maps Know the introductory paragraph Know Topographic Quadrangles, Symbols, And Revisions Know Declination and Compass Bearing we covered declination we skipped compass bearing Know Scales of Maps and Models Skip PLSS - Public Land System Skip GPS - Global Positioning System Skip UTM - Universal Transverse Mercator System Know Contour Lines Be sure to know this section very well. Study Figure 9.10, page 209 Know Reading elevation Know Relief and Gradient Know Part 9B, Topographic Profiles and Vertical Exaggeration Know Part 9C, Digital Topographic Maps and Orthoimages Know Part 9D, Digital Topographic Maps and Aerial Photographs Be familiar with all exercises done for Activities 9.1 and 9.2 Lab Chapter 10 - Geologic Structures, Maps and Block Diagrams Know the Introduction Know Part 10A, Introduction to Structural Geology Know Part 10B, Block Diagrams, Geologic Cross Sections, and Geologic Mapsd Know Part 10C, Analysis of Geologic Maps Lab Chapter 11 - Stream Processes, Landscapes, Mass Wastage, and Flood Hazards Know the Introduction Know Part 11A, Stream Processes and Landscapes Know Part 11B, Stream Erosion and Mass Wastage at Niagara Falls Know Part 11C, Flood Hazard Mapping, Assessment, and Risks Lab Chapter 12 - Groundwater Processes, Resources, and Risks Know the Introduction Know Part 12A, Caves and Karst Topography Skip Part 12B, Location and Movement of Groundwater in the Floridan Limestone Aquifer Know Part 12C, Land Subsidence Hazards caused by Groundwater Withdrawal Lab Chapter 13 - Glacial Processes, Landforms, and Indicators of Climate Change Know the Introduction Know Part 13A, Glacial Processes and Landforms Be sure to review the terminology in Figures 13.3, 13.4, and 13.5, pages 296-298 Skip Part 13B, Glacier National Park, Montana Skip Part 13C, Nisqually Glacier - A Global Thermometer? Skip Part 13D, Alaskan Permafrost Thawing and Land Loss Lab Chapter 14 - Dryland Landforms, Hazards, and Risks Know the Introduction Know Part 14A, Eolian Processes, Dryland Landforms and Desertification Know Part 14B, Sand Seas of Nebraska and the Arabian Peninsula Know Part 14C, Dryland Lakes Lab Chapter 15 - Coastal Processes, Landforms, Hazards, and Risks Know the Introduction Know Part 15A, Dynamic Natural Coastlines Know Part 15B, Human Modification of Shorelines Know Part 15C, The Threat of Rising Seas   Study Guide, part 3 of 3: rock id Last Updated  •  July 23, 2012 For the lab part of this test you will have to identify and describe a few different metamorphic rocks, igneous, and then answer a few general questions. Rock Identification: You will be given a few rocks to identify. These rock types will be chosen among the ones you have already seen, identified and checked during previous labs. You will need to bring your 2x2 glass ONLY (plus pencil, eraser and scantron). Streak plates, HCl bottles and a magnet will be available. I will provide you with the appropriate flowcharts and identification keys.