GEOL 4 - Physical Geology (with Lab) Exam # 2 (Final) Study Guide - Winter 2007 February 8, 2007 Professor: Dr. Alessandro Grippo, Ph.D.   General Information Last Updated  •  February 6, 2007 NOTE: You will ONLY need to bring one Scantron Form 882-E a number 2 pencil an eraser This study guide must be interpreted (literally) as a guide to study and not as a listing of possible questions. It is YOUR responsability to cover the materials listed here on the lecture textbook, the lab textbooks and your notes, including those you have taken during the projection of movies. I would also strongly recommend that you peruse your notes for completeness of information; know what the key terms and concepts are (see the list at the end of each chapter on your textbook); exercise with the questions for review also found at the end of each chapter.   Study Guide: part 1 - LECTURE Last Updated  •  February 6, 2007 Chapter 8 (covered on January 22, 23, 24 and 25; movie shown on January 23) Study the whole chapter; know in particular: what uniformitarianism and actualism are; the difference between relative and absolute age all the principles that are used to determine relative age; what contacts and formations are be able to reconstruct a stratigraphic sequence know all kinds of unconformities and what they represent know what correlation is and all the methods used to correlate rocks know what fossils are, and why and how they are used in correlation know the concepts of transgression and regression, and how it can be seen in the rock record know what certain lithologies stand for, roughly speaking, in terms of paleoenvironments know the Geologic Time Scale: as a concept and all of the Eras with their numerical age boundaries know the Periods of the Mesozoic know Numerical Age, including Isotopic dating and uses of Isotopic dating know how to combine relative and numerical ages be prepared to connect the facts explained in class with the concepts expressed on the books and the real life examples seen in the movie Chapter 9 - Mass Wasting (covered on January 25) know what mass wasting is and how it is classified know what the controlling factors in mass wasting are know the common types of mass wasting know how to prevent landslides Chapter 10 - Streams and floods (covered on January 25 and 29) know what happens in the hydrologic cycle; be prepared to discuss what happens in case of global warming or global cooling know the paragraphs on channel flow and sheet flow know what drainage basins are, and know the four main drainage patterns know the factors that affect erosion, transportation, deposition be prepared to solve simple problems concerning discharge be prepared to answer questions concerning how sedimentary grains of different size behave when subject to stream currents of different velocity know about stream erosion, transportation and deposition (including all kinds of depositional bodies) skip the paragraph on flooding study stream valley development, stream terraces, incised meanders, superposed streams Chapter 11 - Groundwater (covered on January 29 and 30) know what groundwater is know what porosity and permeability are, and how they differ; know which rocks are or are not porous and/or permeable; know about primary and secondary porosity know about the water table, the movement of ground water, aquifers, wells, springs and streams skip the paragraph on contamination of ground water study the paragraph about balancing withdrawal and recharge study the effects of ground-water action, with special attention to chemical equation of calcium carbonate / bicarbonate / carbon dioxide equilibria know about karst landscapes know hot water underground Chapter 12 - Glaciers (covered on January 30 and 31) know the definitions in the introduction and the theory of glacial ages know the distribution, types, formation and growth and movement of glaciers know glacial erosion, transportation, deposition know everything about varves know about the effects of past glaciations know about the orbital theories of past climate changes Chapter 13 - Deserts and Wind Action (covered on January 31 and February 1) know the definitions in the introduction know the distribution of deserts know the patterns of air circulation in the atmosphere know the Coriolis effect know the characteristics of deserts know about the Basin and Range and the Colorado Plateau deserts know about the wind action (everything except Types of Dunes) Chapter 14 - Waves, Beaches and Coasts (covered on February 1 and 5) know the definitions in the introduction know water waves know nearshore circulation (everything except Rip Currents) know about beaches know about the longshore drift know about coasts and coastal features Chapter 15 - Geologic Structure (covered on February 5 and 6) know the definitions in the introduction know how tectonic forces work know what stress and strain are, and the three different kinds of behavior of rocks know structures as a record of the geologic past know geologic maps and field methods know folds know fractures know faults Chapter 16 - Earthquakes (covered on February 6) know the definitions in the introduction know causes of earthquakes know seismic waves (there will be no direct questions on Surface Waves) know how to locate and measure an earthquake skip Effects of earthquakes know world distribution of earthquakes skip first-motion studies of earthquakes know earthquakes and plate tectonics skip earthquake prediction   Study Guide: part 2 - LAB Last Updated  •  February 6, 2007 The Lab exam includes a written test part (bring a SECOND Scan-Tron 882-E for this) and a rock identification part. One of the questions will include, like the previous test, a very simple calculation Chapter 5 - Igneous rocks and volcanic hazards (January 22) Study the whole chapter, I>except Volcanic hazards and human risks Be able to identify the igneous rocks we have seen in the lab Chapter 6 - Sedimentary rocks, processes, and environments (January 24 and 25) Study the whole chapter, including sedimentary structures and stratigraphic sequences Be able to identify the sedimentary rocks we have seen in the lab Chapter 7 - Metamorphic rocks, processes, and environments (January 23) Study the whole chapter Be able to identify the metamorphic rocks we have seen in the lab Chapter 8 - Dating of rocks, fossils, and geologic events (January 29, 30 and 31) Study the whole chapter be able to reconstruct a geologic sequence from a diagram Chapter 9 - Topographic maps, aerial photographs, and satellite images (February 1) study pages 167-178 be ready to work on a map and contour lines, and answer simple questions about the map Chapter 11 - Stream processes, landscapes, mass wastage and flood hazards (February 5) study pages 210-216 be ready to work on a map Chapter 12 - Groundwater processes, resources and risks (February 6) study pages 230-238 be ready to work on a map