GEOL 5 - Historical Geology (with Lab) Exam # 3 (Final) Study Guide - Spring 2008 date: Thursday, December 11, 2008, at 6:45 in DH 128 Professor: Dr. Alessandro Grippo, Ph.D.   General Information - read this! Last Updated  •  December 6, 2008 NOTE: Cell-phones, electronic devices of ANY sort, dictionaries, translators, notes, books CAN NOT be used during the test. You will ONLY need to bring: one Scantron Form 882-E a number 2 pencil an eraser If you make a correction on your Scan-Tron, be sure that you erase completely your previous answer. Reading errors from the Scan-Tron machine that result from a badly erased answer can not be fixed. This study guide must be interpreted (literally) as a guide to the study of the subject and not as a listing of possible questions. It is YOUR responsability to cover the materials listed here on the lecture textbook, the lab textbook, the web pages and your notes, including those you have taken during the projection of movies, if any. For each textbook chapter that is going to be on the test, I listed all the paragraphs you need to study. I also added a list of essential concepts you need to be able to handle. This list is intended to help you outline the main points BUT it does not imply the rest is not important. It rather signifies that once you know these essential points you will be able to get to others much more easily. To be clear, there will be questions out of every paragraph that has been indicated, not only from the list of essential concepts. I would strongly recommend that you peruse your notes for completeness of information: some concepts have been expressed with much more detail in class than are explained on the book, and you are responsible for that; know what the key terms and concepts are (see the list at the end of each chapter on both your textbook and your lab manual); exercise with the questions for review also found at the end of each chapter. Read the summary at the end of each chapter, try to answer review questions, try to work with others if you find it useful. Never hesitate to ask me questions in class or during the lab Remember that the final test is CUMULATIVE: 10 to 15% of the questions will come from previous chapters.   part 1 - lecture Last Updated  •   December 6, 2008 Chapter 8 - The Theory of Plate Tectonics Know the whole chapter; expect many questions to come out of this chapter (whose materials have already been discussed at least three times between lecture and lab) Know the History of Alfred Wegener's continental drift theory Know about the rise of Plate Tectonics Know about paleomagnetism Know faults and folds (folds are mentioned in Chapter 9 on the textbook but you should have in-depth notes on both faults and folds, including materials on their classification, on strike and dip, on the hanging wall and the foot wall, etc.) Know about faulting and volcanism (seismic and volcanic activity) along Plate Boundaries Know about Plate Movements, including measuring the movement, hot spots, thermal plumes, etc. Chapter 9 - Continental Tectonics and Mountain Chains Know the whole chapter; expect many questions to come out of this chapter too (it has also been discussed, as the previous one, at least three times between lecture and lab) Know about the Rifting of Continents Know about Mountain Building, including examples Know about Suturing of Small Landmasses to Continents (exotic terranes) Know about the Tectonics of Continental Interiors Chapter 10 - Major Chemical Cycles Know the whole chapter Know the Introduction, what the greenhouse effect is, what greenhouse gases are Know about Chemical Reservoirs Know about Carbon Dioxide, Oxygen and Biological Processes Know how Carbon isotopes are used Know the Phanerozoic Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide (of course you are supposed to know what the Phanerozoic is from the lab lecture - see below for lab study guide) Know the Feedbacks in the Carbon Cycle Know Oxygen Isotopes, Climate and the Water Cycle Know Ocean Chemistry and Skeletal Mineralogy Know about Chalk, Ca/Mg ions in the oceans, calcite and aragonite seas Chapter 11 - The Archean Eon Know the Introduction Know "The Ages of the Planets and the Universe" (but skip the last column on page 252 about the Big Bang and the Redshift) Skip "The Origin of the Solar System" Know "The Origin of Earth and Its Moon" Know "The Origin of Continents" Know "Greenstone Belts" Know "Evidence of Archean Life" Read as informative background "Chemical Evidence Bearing on the Origin of Life", BUT within that chapter know "Life may have originated along mid-ocean ridges" Know "Atmospheric Oxygen" Chapter 12 - The Proterozoic Eon Know the Introduction Know "A Modern Style of Orogeny" Know "Global Events of the Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic" Know "The Beginnings of Modern Life" Know "The Expansion and Contraction of Continents" Know "The Assembly of North America" Know "The Assembly and Breakup of Neoproterozoic Supercontinents" Chapters 1 through 7 Review the main concepts   Study Guide: part 2 - LAB Last Updated  •  December 6, 2008 Chapter 9 - Ancient Shorelines Know what paleogegraphy is, and how it is possible to reconstruct is with the aid of isopach maps; what isopach lines are; how an isopach map is different from a facies map Know what a facies is Be sure to understand how a map such as that of fig. 9.1 page 86 works and to know the answer to, among others, question 2 on the same page Know what transgression and regression are Know what Walther's Law says Know what formations and groups are (rock units, or lithostratigraphic units; see also lab manual chapter 8 and your textbook) Chapter 10 - Fossils and Their Living Relatives (Fossils and Living Protoctista, Sponges, Corals, Bryozoans and Brachiopods) Review the Introduction, with special attention to the paragraphs on What is a Fossil? Preservation of Fossils but also be able to discuss the main points of "Classification and Nomenclature" Study these paragraphs together with materials on the Textbook and on the web Fossils and Living Protoctista: main characteristics and range of all five groups Sponges: main charachteristics (structure, environments) and range Corals and related Cnidarians: main charachteristics (structure, environments) and range Bryozoa: main charachteristics (structure, environments) and range Brachiopoda: main charachteristics (structure, environments) and range Chapter 11 - Fossils and Their Living Relatives (Mollusks, Arthropods, Echinoderms, Graptolites and Plants) Only a limited amount of pages from this lab is still in your hands, so here is what you need to know: Mollusca: main charachteristics (structure, environments) and range (pages 124 and 125) Arthropoda: no Echinodermata: no Graptolites: main charachteristics (structure, environments) and range (page 149) Fossil Plants: main charachteristics (structure, environments) and range (pages 150 to 152) Chapter 12 - Fossils Indicators of Age, Environment and Correlation Fossils and Age Determination: be able to use the information in the paragraph to answer possible questions on the style of your lab manual Biozones and Biostratigraphy Skip "A Graphic Method of Correlation" Skip "Interpretation of an Outcrop in Southern Illinois" Skip "Interpretation of an Outcrop in Central Illinois" Know Fossils and Paleoenvironments Know The Habitat of Marine Life (classification of Marine Environments; classification of Organisms into nekton, benthos, plankton; know their feeding habits) Know Invertebrate Trace Fossils Chapter 14 - Geologic Maps and Geologic Structures All of the materials from this chapter have been covered in Chapters 8 and 9 from the Textbook. Stop at page 194 (9th edition of Lab Manual) Know the Introduction Know Attitude, Strike and Dip Know Folds Know Faults There will be no questions from the other paragraphs (stop at page 194, no questions out of pages 195-212) Chapter 15 - Canadian Shield and Basement Rocks of North America Know the Basement Rocks Stop at page 215. There will be no questions from any of the other paragraphs in this chapter Chapters 1 through 8 Review the main concepts   Study Guide: part 3 - CRADLE OF LIFE Last Updated  •  December 6, 2008 Chapter 4 - How Did Life Begin? Be prepared to answer questions (including a possible extra-credit essay question) on any material from this chapter (from page 109 to the end of the chapter) Chapter 5 - Metabolic Memories of the Earliest Cells Be prepared to answer questions (including a possible extra-credit essay question) on any material from this chapter.